Why does the world exist? — A bibliography
Table of contents
That anything should exist at all does seem to me a matter for the deepest awe.
J. J. C. Smart
Nicht wie die Welt ist, ist das Mystische, sondern dass sie ist.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
The most important question of all is also one of the most neglected. The list below includes what are, to the best of my knowledge, the only scholarly writings in the contemporary literature that directly address the question of why the universe exists. (That question includes two sub-questions, ‘Why is there anything at all?’ and ‘Why does this particular world exist, rather than some other’, which we may call the “general” and the “special” ultimate questions of existence, respectively.) Note that this excludes non-scholarly writings (such as Jim Holt’s Why does the world exist?); writings that address the question indirectly (such as those found in certain areas within physical cosmology and the philosophy of religion); and writings too removed from the present (published before, say, 1850, such as Leibniz’s De rerum originatione radicali). My personal recommendations are boldfaced.
If you think I’m missing something, please let me know.
- Leslie Armour, Values, God, and the problem about why there is anything at all, Journal of speculative philosophy, vol. 1, no. 2, 1987, pp. 147–162
- Simon Blackburn, Philosophy, London, 2009, pp. 132–141
- David Brooks, Why this world?, Philosophical Papers, vol. 21, no. 3, 1992, pp. 259–273
- Michael B. Burke, Hume and Edwards on ‘why is there something rather than nothing?’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 62, no. 4, 1984, pp. 355–362
- Erik Carlson and Erik J. Olsson, The presumption of nothingness, Ratio, vol. 14, no. 3, 2001, pp. 203–221
- Sean Carroll, Why is there something, rather than nothing?, ArXiv, February 6, 2018
- Earl Conee and Theodore Sider, Riddles of Existence, Oxford, 2005, ch. 5
- Brian Davies, Why is there anything at all?, Think, vol. 2, no. 4, 2003, pp. 7–15
- Paul Edwards, Why?, in Paul Edwards (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, New York, 1967, pp. 296–302
- Noel Fleming, Why is there something rather than nothing?, Analysis, vol. 48, no. 1, 1988, pp. 32–35
- Tyron Goldschmidt (ed.), The puzzle of existence: Why is there something rather than nothing?, New York, 2013
- D. Goldstick, Why is there something rather than nothing?, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 40, no. 2, 1979, pp. 265
- Stephen Grover, Cosmological fecundity, Inquiry, vol. 41, no. 3, 1998, pp. 277–299
- Adolf Grünbaum, Creation in cosmology, in N. S. Hetherington (ed.) Encyclopedia of cosmology: historical, philosophical, and scientific foundations of modern cosmology, New York, 1993, pp. 126–136
- Adolf Grünbaum, Why is there a world at all rather than just nothing?, Ontology Studies, vol. 9, 2009, pp. 7–19
- Michał Heller, Ultimate explanations of the universe, Heidelberg, 2009
- Jan Heylen, Why is there something rather than nothing? A logical investigation, Erkenntnis, vol. 82, no. 3, 2017, pp. 531–559
- Thomas S. Knight, Why not nothing?, The Review of Metaphysics, vol. 10, no. 1, 1956, pp. 158–164
- Robert Lawrence Kuhn, Why this universe? Toward a taxonomy of possible explanations, Skeptic, vol. 13, no. 2, 2007, pp. 28–39
- Robert Lawrence Kuhn, Closer to truth: Science, meaning, and the future, London, 2007, pp. 235–258
- Robert Lawrence Kuhn, Why not nothing?, in John Leslie and Robert Lawrence Kuhn (eds.) The mystery of existence: why is there anything at all?, Chichester, West Sussex, 2013, pp. 246–278
- Martin Kusch, On "Why is there something rather than nothing?", American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 3, 1990, pp. 253–257
- William James, The problem of being, in William James (ed.) Some problems of philosophy, London, 1911, pp. 38–46
- John Leslie, Efforts to explain all existence, Mind, vol. 87, no. 2, 1978, pp. 181–194
- John Leslie, Value and existence, Totowa, 1979
- John Leslie, Review of Bede Rundle, Why There Is Something Rather Than Nothing, Mind, vol. 114, no. 453, 2005, pp. 197–200
- John Leslie, Why there is something, in Jaegwon Kim, Ernest Sosa, and Gary S. Rosenkranz (eds.) A companion to metaphysics, Malden, MA, 2009, pp. 625
- John Leslie, A cosmos existing through ethical necessity, Philo, vol. 12, no. 2, 2009, pp. 172–187
- John Leslie and Robert Lawrence Kuhn (eds.), The mystery of existence: why is there anything at all?, Chichester, West Sussex, 2013
- E. J. Lowe, Why is there anything at all?, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, vol. 70, no. 1, 1996, pp. 111–120
- Stephen Maitzen, Stop asking why there’s anything, Erkenntnis, vol. 77, no. 1, 2012, pp. 51–63
- Robert B Mann, The puzzle of existence, Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, vol. 61, no. 3, 2009, pp. 139 – 151
- Tim Mawson, Why is there anything at all?, in Yujin Nagasawa and Erik J. Wielenberg (eds.) New waves in philosophy of religion, New York, 2009, pp. 36–54
- Chris Mortensen, Explaining existence, Canadian journal of philosophy, vol. 16, no. 4, 1986, pp. 713–22
- Milton K. Munitz, The mystery of existence: an essay in philosophical cosmology, New York, 1965
- Thomas Nagel, Why is there anything?, in Thomas Nagel (ed.) Secular Philosophy and the Religious Temperament: Essays 2002-2008, New York, 2010, pp. 27–31
- Yew-Kwang Ng, Evolved-God creationism: a view of how God evolved in the wider universe, 2019
- Robert Nozick, Why is there something rather than nothing?, in Robert Nozick (ed.) Philosophical explanations, Cambridge, MA, 1981, pp. 115–164
- Derek Parfit, Why does the universe exist?, Harvard review of philosophy, vol. 1, no. 1, 1991, pp. 2–5
- Derek Parfit, The puzzle of reality: Why does the universe exist?, Times literary supplement, 1992, pp. 3–5
- Derek Parfit, Why anything? Why this?, London Review of Books, vol. 20, no. 2, 1998, pp. 24–27, Derek Parfit, Why anything? Why this?, London Review of Books, vol. 20, no. 3, 1998, pp. 22–25
- John F. Post, Why does anything at all exist?, in Richard Taylor (ed.) Metaphysics : a contemporary introduction, New York, 1991, pp. chap. 4
- Nicholas Rescher, The riddle of existence: an essay in idealistic metaphysics, Lanham, MD, 1984
- Nicholas Rescher, Optimalism and axiological metaphysics, Review of metaphysics, vol. 53, no. 4, 2000, pp. 807–835
- Bede Rundle, Why there is something rather than nothing, Oxford, 2004
- Husain Sarkar and Southwestern Philosophical Society, Something, nothing and explanation, Southwest Philosophy Review, vol. 9, no. 1, 1993, pp. 151–161
- George Schlesinger, The enigma of existence, Ratio, vol. 11, no. 1, 1998, pp. 66–77
- Daniel Schuppe, Jens Lemanski, and Rico Hauswald (eds.), Warum ist überhaupt etwas und nicht vielmehr nichts?: Wandel und Variationen einer Frage, Hamburg, 2013
- Quentin Smith, Simplicity and why the universe exists, Philosophy, vol. 72, no. 279, 1997, pp. 125–132
- Quentin Smith, The reason the universe exists is that it caused itself to exist, Philosophy, vol. 74, no. 4, 1999, pp. 579–586
- Peter Unger, Minimizing arbitrariness: Toward a metaphysics of infinitely many isolated concrete worlds, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 9, no. 1, 1984, pp. 29–51
- Peter van Inwagen, Why is there anything at all?, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, vol. 70, no. 1, 1996, pp. 95–110
- John F. Wippel (ed.), The ultimate why question: Why is there anything at all rather than nothing whatsoever?, Washington, 2011
- Arthur Witherall, The fundamental question, Journal of Philosophical Research, vol. 26, 2001, pp. 53–87
- Arthur Witherall, The problem of existence, Aldershot, 2002
In memoriam, Quentin Smith (1952-2020)
