Useful concepts

[Add concepts listed here: http://lesswrong.com/lw/hhl/useful_concepts_repository/]

“Because”
5 second skills
80:20 rule, low hanging fruit
A priori, a posteriori
Adaptation executor not fitness maximizer
Aether variables
Affect heuristic
Affordance
Affordance (brain shaped, overlearning)
Alternative hypothesis generation
Ambiguity avoidance/effect (variance avoidance)
Ammortization
Apophenia
Approach/avoid
Arbitrage
Archetype
Arrow’s impossibility
Ask-guess-tell culture
Attribution Substitution
Attribution substitution
Availability heuristic
Back chaining vs forward chaining
Base rate neglect
Be vs Do
Best/worst/average case
Beware what you wish for
Bias gradients
Biases
Big five personality traits
Body language energy
Bottleneck (Theory of Constraints)
Brainstorming questions/problems rather than answers
Breadth vs depth first search
Business analysis concepts
Calibrated scaffolding (i.e build as much scaffolding as necessary and no more)
Can’t bullshit yourself
CAR model
Carrot and stick
Causal graph
Challenge
Check-in
Chesterton fence
Clump vs Spread
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive dissonance avoidance
Common distributions (bimodal, normal, log-normal, power law, etc.)
Common knowledge
Communication concepts
Comparative advantage
Confabulation
Confidence Interval
Confirmation bias
Confusion matrix
Control Calibration
Counterfactual simulations
CoZE
Critical path
Critical thresholds in nonlinear systems
Cross impact analysis
Daily Plan
Daily Review
Data biases
Decision fatigue (microdecisions)
Deduction vs induction
Degree
Deliberate practice
Denotation and Connotation
Dependency hell (goal or aversion factoring)
Derivatives
Diffusion of innovation
Dimensionality reduction/Clusters in thing space
Diminishing returns
Directed graph
Diversify vs Focus
Dominance, communality, or reciprocity relationships
Dramatic vs Marginal
Dual process theories
Dunbar’s number
Economic concepts
Effect size
Effectuation
Efficient markets
Elasticity
Endorse on reflection
Endorse vs Record evals
Epistemic concepts
Epistemological rigor->methodological rigor (expert on experts)
Essentialism
Evidence/update proportionality
Evolutionary psychology concepts
Expected value
Exploration neglect
Exploration neglect
Externalities
Farmer vs forager
Feedback loop tightness
Focused grit
Focusing effect
Forest plot
Fox vs hedgehog
Foxy elimination
Fragile vs antifragile (hormesis)
Framing/Reframing
Free riders
Frictional costs
Fully general counterargument
Functional programming (mental heuristics)
Fundamental attribution error (braitenberg vehicles)
Funnel plot
Game theory concepts
Gartner hype cycle
Geographic sensitivity
Gifts
Good vs bad proxies
Graphs
Greedy algorithm
Habit formation concepts
Halo effect/affiliation
Hamming question
Handicap principle
Hard work avoidance
High variance blindness
Hindsight and prehindsight
Holding off on solutions
Identity-Consistency
Impression management
Inception
Incoherent discount rate
Increasing marginal utility of attention (monkey mind)
Increasing returns
Information asymmetry
Inner loop/outer loop
Inner simulator
Instrumental/terminal values
Internal censor
Internal family systems
Introspection illusion
Inversion
Justifiability
Kayfabe
Key assumptions check
Key trade-off analysis (synthesis of form)
Key Uncertainties
Leaky abstraction
Levels of abstraction
Liking vs wanting
Linear vs nonlinear functions
Local and global maxima, hill climbing
Locked to each other (unblending variables)
Locked vs unlocked dials
Locus of control
Love languages
Low-hanging fruit
Low status blindness
Low-status avoidance
Lowering cognitive overhead (trivial inconveniences)
Making beliefs load bearing
Marginal Thinking
Market segmentation
Math concepts
Mean world syndrome
Median voter theorem
Medicalization (deprivation of agency)
Meditation
Memetics
Mental contrasting
Misweight because came first
Misweight because familiar
Misweight because of source
Misweight because simpler
Moat
Moloch
Momentum vs lightness
Moral Foundations theory
Moral hazard
Moral licensing
Moral trade
Moral uncertainty
Motivation equation
Napkin math
Narrative bias
Nash equilibrium
Natural kind (cutting at the joints)
Near vs far
Negative visualization
Net present value
Network effects
Neurodiversity (typical mind fallacy)
Next action
Nominal fallacy
Non-violent communication
Now vs later
Offline training
Ontological crisis
OODA loop
Open vs closed modes
Open vs closed posture, taking up space
Opportunity cost
Optimal brainstorming
Optimal brainstorming
Over/underdetermined
Overton window
Parallelization
Pareto improvement
Participate vs Support
Path dependence
Pattern completion
Permuting concepts
Plurality (voting)
Pointing at the moon
Political concepts
Pomodoro distraction log
Positive vs normative
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Power
Power-law world vs Normal world
Precision and accuracy
Precommitment
Premature decisions
Premature sharing
Premortem
Prerequisite tree
Prestige vs Results
Principal agent problem/Lost purposes
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Production-possibility frontier
Programming concepts
Proving too much (non-falsifiability)
Proximity bias
Proxy measure ratios
Psychotherapy concepts
Public choice theory
Quality time
r/K selection
Rationalism/empircisim
Rationality concepts
Realpolitik
Red queen
Red team
Redescribing to self or others (rubber ducking)
Reference class forecasting (Inside view/outside view)
Regression
Regression to the mean
Regression to the mean
Representativeness heuristic
Risk tolerance
Sample size
Scenario planning (matrices)
Scenario/evidence matrix
Schelling fence
Schelling point
Schlep blindness
Scope insensitivity
Searching under the streetlight
Selection effects
Self care
Self Denial
Self Help/Motivation concepts
Self-signaling/self trust
Semmelweis effect
Separation and recombination (both append and insert)
Service
Show vs Is
Signal/noise
Signaling/Countersignaling/Meta Contrarianism
Simplicity, unexpectedness, concreteness, credibility, emotions, stories
State machine
Stated and revealed preference
Statistics concepts
Status quo/absurdity
Stealing cheat codes (opposite of not invented here)
Sticky concepts
Stoicism
Straussian reading
Straw/steelman
Structured analytic techniques
Structured entropy injection
Subject object distinction
Sunk costs
Superstimulus
Survivorship bias
System 1 can’t do math
System 1 vs system 2
Systems vs goal
Taboo words
Tacit knowledge
Tail miscalibration/model uncertainty
Talk vs Bet
TDT
Temporal sensitivity
Time/money value of time/money
Touch
Tragedy of the commons
Transfer of learning
Trend analysis
Trigger Action Plan
Trivial inconvenience
Type error
Type I and II errors
Ugh fields
Universal prior (epistemic luck)
Upstream/downstream
Urge propogation
Us vs Them
Valley of bad X (tends towards hedgehogging)
Value of Information (xkcd chart)
Variance
Virality coefficient
Wastebasket taxon
Weighted edges
What if
Why/How/What hierarchy
Words of affirmation
Workbooks
Zeigarnik effect
Zero vs positive sum thinking