consider the tradeoff here: US policy succeeded in hampering China’s ability to deploy high-quality chips in AI systems, with the accompanying national-security benefits, but it also accelerated the development of effective AI systems that do not rely on the highestquality chips.

It remains to be seen whether that tradeoff will prove to be a favorable one.

Tyler Cowen, China’s DeepSeek Shows Why Trump’s Trade War Will Be Hard to Win, Bloomberg, January 9, 2025, p. 3