Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the american heart association

Abstract

Since the 2004 American Heart Association scientific statement on air pollution and cardiovascular disease, extensive research has further elucidated the link between particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This updated statement reviews the new evidence, highlighting the clinical implications for researchers and healthcare providers. Exposure to PM2.5, even over short periods, can trigger cardiovascular events, while long-term exposure significantly increases cardiovascular mortality and reduces life expectancy. Reductions in PM levels have been linked to decreases in cardiovascular mortality, suggesting a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease. This body of evidence has grown substantially, emphasizing PM2.5 exposure as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.