The neural mechanisms of moral cognition: a multiple-aspect approach to moral judgment and decision-making

Abstract

We critically review the mushrooming literature addressing the neural mechanisms of moral cognition (NMMC), reaching the following broad conclusions: (1) research mainly focuses on three inter-related categories: the moral emotions, moral social cognition, and abstract moral reasoning. (2) Research varies in terms of whether it deploys ecologically valid or experimentally simplified conceptions of moral cognition. The more ecologically valid the experimental regime, the broader the brain areas involved. (3) Much of the research depends on simplifying assumptions about the domain of moral reasoning that are motivated by the need to make experimental progress. (4) The neural correlates of real-life moral cognition are unlikely to consist in anything remotely like a “moral module” or a “morality center.” (edited)