Rules of war and moral reasoning

Abstract

The author argues that there is a practical equivalence between five theories regarding the basis of moral thought: ideal observer theory, rational contractor theory, specific rule-utilitarianism, universalistic act-utilitarianism, and universal prescriptivism. The author claims these theories are equivalent because they all make impartial calculations of consequences and require the application of universal principles to determine moral action. Additionally, the author maintains that general principles that reflect optimal consequences should be taught and reinforced to promote good character formation, while more specific principles can be useful in addressing particular cases. The author suggests that applying a two-level approach to moral reasoning, with different spheres for general and specific rule-utilitarianism, can help in selecting and justifying moral principles, and resolving conflicts between them. – AI-generated abstract.