Current issues in fish welfare

Abstract

Human activities, such as fishing, aquaculture, and environmental changes, can negatively impact fish welfare. While there is no universal agreement on how to balance human interests with fish welfare, ethical frameworks suggest that minimizing suffering should be a priority. While fish lack a neocortex, recent research indicates that they can experience pain and fear, making it crucial to consider their welfare in the context of human activities. Indicators of stress, including physiological changes and behavioral modifications, can be used to assess the welfare of fish, revealing potential harm caused by human actions. It’s essential to understand that fish are complex creatures with specific needs and vulnerabilities that differ from other vertebrates. Continued research is necessary to fully understand fish welfare and develop appropriate measures to ensure their well-being.