Anarchism

Abstract

Anarchism is a socio-political theory advocating for a society organized without government, where social harmony is maintained through voluntary agreements among autonomous territorial and professional groups. This framework replaces state functions with a decentralized network of federations designed to manage production, consumption, and the diverse needs of a civilized population. Economically, the doctrine rejects private ownership and the wage system, identifying the state as the principal mechanism for maintaining monopolies and capitalist exploitation. Historical development traces this non-authoritarian tendency from ancient Stoic philosophy through medieval communal movements to modern systematic formulations. While distinct branches such as individualist and mutualist anarchism emphasize different aspects of personal liberty and economic exchange, the movement largely converged toward anarchist-communism. This school of thought posits that the collective ownership of the means of production, combined with free distribution, is the only viable path to full individualization. In practice, anarchism favors direct action and the formation of local communes over parliamentary politics, viewing social revolution as a period for reducing state power rather than expanding it. Ultimately, the theory seeks to align social organization with the natural evolution of human sociability and scientific progress, facilitating the complete development of individual faculties without the constraints of coercion or servility. – AI-generated abstract.