Hen welfare in different housing systems

Abstract

Egg production systems face increasing scrutiny for their impact on hen welfare. Factors like disease, skeletal health, and behavior all influence welfare, and different housing systems have varying effects. While non-cage and outdoor systems offer more space and environmental complexity, they can also lead to increased disease and parasite transmission. Conversely, conventional cages restrict movement, potentially causing osteoporosis, but can be easier to manage for disease control. Larger groups in non-cage systems may lead to detrimental behaviors like cannibalism. While selective breeding for desired traits can help, no single housing system is ideal. Evaluating the sustainability of alternative systems requires considering the trade-offs between environmental enrichment, disease control, and potential risks to hen welfare.